腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨识（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他炎症.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管出血见于肚脐和膀胱之间，并不一定位附近肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位附近肚脐下。这些出血可平庸为完全无回声或低回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，肚脐尿管出血，此出血已受感染，在表面上含有黯淡回声的固体。B，肚脐尿管出血，关系紧张的出血前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊内膜上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).腰壁阴囊内膜上皮细胞是阴囊手术后的长期合并症，无多种不同平庸，但可于以前手术的瘢痕附近见一暂时性肿物，并有周期特质的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产伤疤附近阴囊内膜上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 腰壁血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腰直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作特质咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因并不一定是抗凝疗法或出血特质疟疾。由于血肿管制于腰直肌鞘内，并不一定不很大，其椭圆形根据所附近位置而定，在尾端线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，椭圆黄绿色上下方向，可于一侧看到（三幅13A）；在尾端线表列出，由于腰白线缺如，可扩展偏北里线，因此血肿平庸为分叶状，其最大长度位附近横轴上。在早产腰壁血肿可见于肚脐上横向扩展（三幅13B、C）。术后弥散特质血管内凝血的病患者可于腰壁手术瘢痕附近看到大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一里年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腰直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腰横皮下。B，早产腰壁血肿。C，一早产肚脐静脉下端附近上面的腰壁血肿。UV，肚脐静脉。D，一弥散特质血管内凝血的剖宫产术后病患者疤痕附近腰壁血肿。

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